Over two thirds of Earth's surface is covered by water; less than a third is taken up by land. As Earth's population continues to grow, people are putting pressure on the planet's water resources. In a sense, our oceans, rivers, and seas are being "tortured" by human activities, which reduce its quality. Poorer water quality means water pollution.
We can define pollution in so many ways. Usually, it means that one or more dangerous substances occur in water to such an extent that they cause problems for animals or people. Oceans, lakes, rivers, and other inland waters can naturally clean up a certain amount of pollution by dispersing it harmlessly. But the problem is with big concentrations of dangerous chemicals. This, in turn, could affect the health of all the plants, animals, and humans whose lives depend on water.
Pollution can affect two types of water: surface waters and groundwater. There are also two different ways in which pollution can occur. If pollution comes from a single location, such as a discharge pipe attached to a factory, it is known as point-source pollution. Other examples of point source pollution include an oil spill from a tanker and a discharge from a factory chimney. A great deal of water pollution happens not from one single source but from many different scattered sources. This is called nonpoint-source pollution
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